Ikizamini cyo kurinda ubutaka ku miyoboro ya AC/DC yo gusharija imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu

1. Uburinzi bw'ubutaka bw'imizingo yo kwishyuza

Sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri:Ibikoresho byo gusharija ACn'imirongo yo gusharija ya DC. Imirongo yo gusharija ya AC itanga ingufu za AC za 220V, zigahindurwamo ingufu za DC zifite voltage nyinshi n'icyuma gishyushya kiri mu bwato kugira ngo gishyure bateri y'amashanyarazi.Ibirundo byo gusharija bya DCitanga ingufu za AC za 380V zifite ibyiciro bitatu, zishyira umuriro mu buryo butaziguye kuri bateri binyuze mu nzira yo gusharija yihuta idaciye kuri charger iri mu bwato. Ikigo cy’igihugu gisanzwe cya GB/T20234.1 gisobanura neza ibisabwa ku miyoboro y’imodoka n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi.Shajara za AC EVgukoresha uburyo bw'igihugu bwo guhuza imiyoboro irindwi, mu giheAmasharubu ya DCkoresha umurongo ngenderwaho w’igihugu usanzwe wa pin icyenda. Udupira twa PE tw’imirongo ibiri yo gusharija iri ku ruhande rw’ikinyabiziga twombi ni terminals zo hasi (reba Ishusho ya 1). Akamaro ka PE y’insinga yo hasi ni ugusya neza umubiri w’ikinyabiziga cy’amashanyarazi binyuze muri ACsitasiyo yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziMu itegeko rigenga ikoranabuhanga rya GB/T 18487.1, insinga yo hasi y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi igomba kuba ihujwe n'ubutaka bw'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi (PE pin iri ku Ishusho ya 1) kugira ngo uburyo bwo gusharija imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi bukore neza.

Ishusho ya 1. Agapira ka PE k'ikinyabiziga hagati y'imodoka n'uruhande

Gufata uburyo bwo gusharija aho ACsitasiyo yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziikoresha icyuma gihuza imodoka gifite ibyuma bibiri kugira ngo gihuze naaho amashanyarazi anyuraUrugero, umurongo ngenderwaho w’ubu buryo bwo gushyushya urasesengurwa, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyawo cy’umurongo kigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.

Iyo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byashyizwemo umuriro, niba ibikoresho bidafite inenge, voltage iri aho byagaragaye 1 igomba kuba 12V.

Iyo umukozi afashe imbunda isharira agakanda ingufuri ya mechanical, S3 irafunga, ariko aho imodoka ihurira ntabwo hahujwe neza, voltage iri aho iboneka 1 ni 9V.

Ubwoimbunda yo gusharijaihujwe neza n'aho imodoka isharija, S2 irafunga. Muri iki gihe, voltage aho iboneka 1 iragabanuka cyane. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byemeza ikimenyetso binyuze kuri CC kandi bikamenya umuriro insinga yo sharija ishobora kwihanganira, bigahindura switch S1 kuva ku mpera ya 12V ikajya ku mpera ya PWM.

Iyo voltage iri aho iboneka 1 igabanutse ikagera kuri 6V, ihindura K1 na K2 by'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi hafi y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, bityo ikarangiza umurongo w'amashanyarazi. Nyuma y'uko imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bihuye n'amashanyarazi, igikoresho kigenzura imodoka kigena ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bw'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi hashingiwe ku murongo w'akazi k'ikimenyetso cya PWM aho iboneka 2. Urugero, ku gice cyo gushyushya 16A, uruziga rw'akazi ni 73.4%, bityo voltage iri ku mpera ya CP ihinduka hagati ya 6V na -12V, mu gihe voltage iri ku mpera ya CC… Voltage ya terminal igabanuka kuva kuri 4.9V (imimerere ihujwe) ikagera kuri 1.4V (imimerere yo gushyushya).

Iyo ishami rigenzura ikinyabiziga rimaze kubona ko umurongo wo gusharija uhujwe neza (ni ukuvuga S3 na S2 bifunze) kandi rigashyiraho umuvuduko ntarengwa wemewe wo kwinjira muri charger (S1 ijya kuri terminal ya PWM, K1 na K2 bifunze), charger iri muri charger itangira gusharija ikinyabiziga gikoresha amashanyarazi.

Muri iki gikorwa, iyo insinga ya PE ifunze, nta gihinduka cy'amashanyarazi kizaba aho iboneka, nta nsinga y'amashanyarazi ishobora gukoreshwa, kandi nta nsinga y'amashanyarazi ishobora gushyirwaho hagati y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho biyikoresha. Muri iki gihe, chargeur iri mu ndege izaba iri mu gihe cyo kuzimya umuriro.

2. Ikizamini cyo gukuraho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu butaka

Niba ishingiro ryaSisitemu yo gusharija icyuma gikoresha ACIyo amashanyarazi adakora neza, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bizavamo amazi y'amashanyarazi, bishobora gutera impanuka y'amashanyarazi no gukomeretsa umuntu. Kubwibyo, gupima no kugenzura imiyoboro yo gusharija ni ngombwa. Dukurikije amahame nka GB/T20324, GB/T 18487, na NB/T 33008, gupima imiyoboro yo gusharija ya AC ahanini bikubiyemo igenzura rusange, ibizamini byo guhindura imiyoboro yo mu muhanda, n'ibizamini byo guhuza ibintu bidakora neza. Dukoresheje urugero rwa BAIC EV200, ingaruka zo gufunga PE ku buryo budasanzwe ku miterere y'imiyoboro yo gusharija zigaragara iyo hagenzuwe impinduka z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi yinjira n'asohoka mu muyoboro wo gusharija.

Muri sisitemu igaragara ku Ishusho ya 3, imiyoboro ya CC na CP ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umuyoboro uri mu bwato ni imirongo y'ikimenyetso cyo gushyushya; PE ni insinga yo hasi; naho L na N ni imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya 220V AC.

Udusanduku turi iburyo bw'igishushanyo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi turi mu bwato ni utumashini tw'itumanaho dufite voltage nkeya. Akazi kabo ka mbere ni ugusubiza ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kiri mu bwato ku murongo wo kwemeza umurongo wa VCU, gukoresha umurongo w'ikimenyetso cyo gukangura umuriro kugira ngo habyuke agasanduku k'ibikoresho bigaragaza aho umurongo uhagaze, no kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubyuke VCU na BMS. Hanyuma VCU ikangura agasanduku k'ibikoresho kugira ngo itangire kwerekana aho umurongo uhagaze wo gushya. Utumashini duto two mu bwoko bwa "positive" n'utundi two mu bwoko bwa "negative" turi muri bateri y'amashanyarazi tugenzurwa na BMS kugira ngo dufunge binyuze mu mabwiriza ya VCU, bikarangiza igikorwa cyo gushyashya bateri y'amashanyarazi. Agasanduku ko hasi k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kari mu bwato ku Ishusho ya 3, gahujwe n'agasanduku k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi menshi, ni agasanduku k'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi gafite voltage nyinshi.

Mu igeragezwa rya PE grounding fault, hakoreshejwe clamps ebyiri z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zipime icyarimwe amashanyarazi yinjira n'asohoka. Ikosa rya PE open-circuit ryashyizweho hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ya AC yikoreye. Iyo umurongo wa PE wari usanzwe uhagaze, switch yo hasi yari IKANJE. Iyo clamp y'amashanyarazi ishyizwe ku murongo wa L (cyangwa N), AC yapimwe y'amashanyarazi yo mu gikoresho cyo kuyishyuriraho yari hafi 16A. Iyo indi clamp y'amashanyarazi ishyizwe ku gice cy'amashanyarazi cya DC cyo kuyishyuriraho, amashanyarazi yapimwe yari hafi 9A.

Ubwo insinga ya PE yafungwaga n'aho icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi cyazimye, amashanyarazi yapimwe ya AC yinjiye muri charger iri mu bwato yari 0A, naho amashanyarazi ya DC nayo yari 0A. Nyuma yo kongera gukora ikizamini cya open-circuit, amashanyarazi yombi yahise asubira kuri 0A. Iki kizamini cya open-circuit kuri terminal ya PE kigaragaza ko iyo icyuma gifunga amashanyarazi cya PE gifunzwe, nta muyaga uhari ku mpande zombi zinjiye n'izisohoka muri charger iri mu bwato, bivuze ko charger iri mu bwato idakora bityo ikaba idasohora amashanyarazi menshi mu gasanduku k'amashanyarazi gafite voltage nyinshi, bigatuma bateri y'amashanyarazi idatangira gusharija.

Uburinzi bwo gusimbuza ubutaka ku miyoboro ya AC ni ngombwa. Nta burinzi bwo gusimbuza ubutaka, aho gusimbuza umuriro bishobora guteza ibyago byo guhungabana k'amashanyarazi. Bitewe n'uburinzi bwo kuzimya umuriro bw'amashanyarazi, ntabwo hashobora kubaho guhuza imodoka y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, kandi chargeur iri mu bwato ntizakora.

—IMPERUKA—