Uburyo bwacu bwo guhuza ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu, no kuzikoresha mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bugerageza gukemura ibibazo by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ubwenge binyuze mu guhuzaimigozi yo gusharija ya ev, ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Biteza imbere ingendo z'amashanyarazi ku binyabiziga bikoresha ingufu nshya za amashanyarazi, mu gihe bishyigikira ububiko bw'ingufu bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uterwa n'imizigo iremereye. Birangiza uruhererekane rw'inganda za bateri binyuze mu ikoreshwa ry'urwego, bishimangira iterambere ryiza ry'inganda. Kubaka iyi sisitemu y'ingufu ihuriweho biteza imbere amashanyarazi n'iterambere ry'inganda, bigatuma ingufu zisukuye, nk'ingufu z'izuba, zihinduka ingufu z'amashanyarazi binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya amashanyarazi kandi bikabikwa muri bateri. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi hanyuma bivana izi ngufu z'amashanyarazi kuri bateri bijya ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, bigakemura ikibazo cyo gusharija.
I. Topology ya sisitemu ya mikorogori ikoresha photovoltaic-storage-charging
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru, ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya sisitemu ya photovoltaic integrated, stopping energy, and charger system topology ikurikira:
1. Umuhuza w’ingufu ukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu utari mu muhanda: Uruhande rwa AC rwa 250kW rufatanye na bisi ya 380V AC, naho uruhande rwa DC rufatanye na 50kW bid converters za DC/DC, bigatuma ingufu zinyura mu byerekezo bibiri, ni ukuvuga, gusharija no gusohora umuriro.
2. Imashini zihindura DC/DC ziyobora impande ebyiri: Uruhande rw'imashini enye za DC/DC zifite ingufu za 50kW rufatanye n'icyuma cya DC cy'imashini, naho uruhande rw'imashini zifite ingufu nke rufatanye n'ipaki y'amashanyarazi. Buri mashini ihindura DC/DC ifatanye n'ipaki imwe y'imashini.
3. Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi: Utunyangingo cumi na tutandatu twa 3.6V/100Ah (1P16S) tugize module imwe ya bateri (57.6V/100Ah, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha 5.76KWh). Utunyangingo cumi na tubiri twa bateri duhujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye kugira ngo habeho itsinda rya bateri (691.2V/100Ah, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha 69.12KWh). Itsinda rya bateri rihujwe n'icyuma gikoresha ingufu nke cya converter ya DC/DC. Sisitemu ya bateri igizwe n'utunyangingo tune twa bateri dufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha 276.48 kWh.
4. Module ya MPPT: Uruhande rw'amashanyarazi menshi rwa module ya MPPT ruhujwe neza na bisi ya 750V DC, mu gihe uruhande rw'amashanyarazi make ruhujwe na fotovoltaic. Urwego rw'amashanyarazi rugizwe n'imigozi itandatu, buri imwe irimo module 18 za 275Wp zihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye, ku buryo module 108 za photovoltaic zihuzwa n'ingufu zose hamwe zigera kuri 29.7 kWp.
5. Aho gushyurira: Sisitemu irimo ibyuma bitatu bya 60kWsitasiyo zo gusharija za DC EV(umubare n'ingufu z'aho gushyushya bishobora guhindurwa hashingiwe ku rujya n'uruza rw'imodoka n'ingufu zikenerwa buri munsi). Uruhande rwa AC rw'aho gushyushya ruhujwe na bisi ya AC kandi rushobora gukoreshwa na photovoltaics, ububiko bw'ingufu, na grid.
6. EMS & MGCC: Izi sisitemu zigira inshingano nko gushyushya no gusohora umuriro mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu no gukurikirana amakuru ya bateri ya SOC hakurikijwe amabwiriza aturuka mu kigo cyo hejuru cyo kohereza umuriro.
II. Ibiranga sisitemu y'ingufu zikoresha photovoltaic-storage-charging systems
1. Sisitemu ikoresha imiterere y’igenzura ry’ibice bitatu: urwego rwo hejuru ni sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu, urwego rwo hagati ni sisitemu yo kugenzura hagati, naho urwego rwo hasi ni urwego rw’ibikoresho. Sisitemu ihuza ibikoresho byo guhindura ingano, ibikoresho bijyanye no kugenzura no kurinda imizigo, bigatuma iba sisitemu yigenga ishobora kwigenzura, kurinda no gucunga.
2. Ingamba zo kohereza ingufu muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zihindurwa/zishyirwaho mu buryo bworoshye hashingiwe ku biciro by'amashanyarazi biri hejuru, mu kibaya, no ku giciro cy'amashanyarazi kiri hejuru cyane cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi na SOC (cyangwa voltage ya terminal) ya bateri zo kubika ingufu. Sisitemu yemera kohereza ingufu ziturutse muri sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) kugira ngo igenzure uburyo bwo gusharija no gusohora ingufu mu buryo bw'ubwenge.
3. Sisitemu ifite imikorere yuzuye yo gutumanaho, gukurikirana, gucunga, kugenzura, kuburira hakiri kare, no kurinda, igenzura imikorere yayo mu buryo buhoraho kandi butekanye mu gihe kirekire. Imikorere yayo ishobora gukurikiranwa hakoreshejwe mudasobwa, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gusesengura amakuru.
4. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikorana na sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS), ishyira amakuru ku ipaki ya bateri, kandi ku bufatanye na EMS na PCS, igera ku nshingano zo gukurikirana no kurinda ipaki ya bateri.
Uyu mushinga ukoresha PCS yo mu bwoko bwa tower-type energy storage converter, ihuza ibikoresho byo guhinduranya kuri grid na off-grid hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amakuru. Ifite akazi ko guhinduranya hagati ya on-grid na off-grid mu masegonda zero, ishyigikira uburyo bubiri bwo gusharija: on-grid constant current n'ingufu zihoraho, kandi yemera gahunda y'igihe nyacyo iturutse kuri mudasobwa icumbitse.
III. Kugenzura no gucunga uburyo bwo kubika no gushyushya amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe photovoltaic
Igenzura rya sisitemu rikoresha imiterere y’ibice bitatu: EMS ni urwego rwo hejuru rw’igihe, igenzura rya sisitemu ni urwego rwo hagati rw’imikoranire, naho DC-DC n’ibice byo gusharija ni urwego rw’ibikoresho.
EMS na sisitemu igenzura ni ibice by'ingenzi, bikorana mu gucunga no gutegura sisitemu yo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic:
1. Imirimo ya EMS
1) Ingamba zo kugenzura kohereza ingufu zishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi uburyo bwo kubika no gusohora ingufu hamwe n'amabwiriza y'ingufu bishobora gushyirwaho hakurikijwe ibiciro by'amashanyarazi byo mu gace k'aho batuye mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi.
2) EMS ikora telemetri mu gihe nyacyo no kugenzura umutekano w’ibikoresho by’ingenzi biri muri sisitemu, harimo PCS, BMS, inverters za photovoltaic, na charger piles, kandi icunga ibyabaye mu gihe cy’ibiza byatangajwe n’ibikoresho n’ububiko bw’amakuru mu buryo bumwe.
3) EMS ishobora kohereza amakuru ajyanye n'igihe cy'ihanurwa ry'amakuru n'ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'ibarura ku kigo cyo hejuru cyo kohereza amakuru cyangwa seriveri y'itumanaho rya kure binyuze mu itumanaho rya Ethernet cyangwa 4G, kandi igahabwa amabwiriza yo kohereza amakuru mu gihe nyacyo, ikurikije amabwiriza ya AGC, uburyo bwo kogosha ikirere, n'ubundi buryo bwo kohereza amakuru kugira ngo ihuze n'ibyo sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikeneye.
4) Ikigo gishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ibanze (EMS) gihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibidukikije no kurinda inkongi: kugenzura ko ibikoresho byose bizimye mbere yuko inkongi iba, gutanga amajwi n’amajwi n’amashusho, no gushyira ibintu by’amajwi inyuma.
2. Imirimo yo kugenzura sisitemu:
1) Umugenzuzi uhuza sisitemu ahabwa ingamba zo gutegura gahunda na EMS: uburyo bwo gushyushya/gusohora ingufu n'amabwiriza yo gutegura gahunda y'ingufu. Hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwa SOC bwa bateri yo kubika ingufu, imiterere ya bateri yo gushyushya/gusohora ingufu, gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, no gukoresha ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi, ahindura imicungire ya bisi mu buryo bworoshye. Mu gucunga uburyo bwo gushyushya no gutanga ingufu bwa converter ya DC-DC, agera ku kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya/gusohora ingufu bwa bateri yo kubika ingufu, bigatuma uburyo bwo kubika ingufu burushaho gukoreshwa neza.
2) Guhuza uburyo bwo gushyushya/gusohora DC-DC naikirundo cyo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziimiterere yo gusharija, igomba guhindura imipaka y'ingufu za inverter ya photovoltaic n'ingufu za module ya PV. Igomba kandi guhindura uburyo bwo gukora bwa module ya PV no gucunga sisitemu.
3. Imirimo y'Ibikoresho - Imiterere ya DC-DC:
1) Imashini ikoresha ingufu z'izuba, ikora ku buryo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zihinduka mu buryo buhuriweho n'abantu benshi.
2) DC-DC converter ibona status ya BMS, kandi hamwe n'amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kugenzura gahunda, ikora DC cluster control kugira ngo irebe ko bateri ihoraho.
3) Ishobora kugera ku kwicungira, kugenzura no kurinda hakurikijwe intego zagenwe.
—IMPERUKA—
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-28-2025
