Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bw’isi n’ihumana ry’ikirere, leta yashyigikiye cyane iterambere ry’inganda zikora amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku bisenge. Ibigo byinshi, ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo batangiye gushyira ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku bisenge.
Nta mbogamizi zihari ku miterere y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, zikwirakwira cyane kandi zidashira. Kubwibyo, ugereranije n’izindi koranabuhanga nshya zo kubyaza ingufu (gutanga ingufu z’umuyaga n’ingufu za biomass, nibindi), kubyaza ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba hejuru y’inzu ni ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu zisubira kandi rifite imiterere myiza y’iterambere rirambye. Rifite ahanini ibyiza bikurikira:
1. Umutungo w'ingufu z'izuba ntushira kandi ntushira. Ingufu z'izuba zimurikira ku isi zikubye inshuro 6.000 ingufu zikoreshwa n'abantu muri iki gihe. Byongeye kandi, ingufu z'izuba zikwirakwira cyane ku isi, kandi sisitemu zo gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zishobora gukoreshwa gusa ahantu hari urumuri, kandi ntizibangamiwe n'ibintu nk'akarere n'ubutumburuke.
2. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ziraboneka hose kandi zishobora gutanga amashanyarazi hafi aho. Nta gutwara abantu intera ndende bikenewe, ibyo bikarinda igihombo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziterwa n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu ntera ndende, kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kohereza amashanyarazi. Ibi kandi bitanga ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho igenamigambi rinini n'ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bunini bwo gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu karere k'iburengerazuba aho kohereza amashanyarazi bidakunze kugorana.
3. Uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu mu gukora ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku gisenge ni bworoshye. Ni uguhindura amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye kuva kuri fotoni ujya kuri electron. Nta buryo bwo hagati (nk'ihinduka ry'ingufu zikomoka ku bushyuhe mu ngufu za mekanike, guhindura ingufu zikomoka ku mekanike mu ngufu za electromagnetique, n'ibindi hamwe n'ibikorwa bya mekanike, kandi nta kwangirika kwa mekanike. Dukurikije isesengura rya thermodynamic, amashanyarazi akomoka kuri fotovoltaic afite ubushobozi bwo gukora amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, agera kuri 80%, kandi afite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga.
4. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zo hejuru y'inzu ubwazo ntizikoresha lisansi, ntizisohora ibintu byose birimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'indi myuka ihumanya ikirere, ntizihumanya ikirere, ntizitera urusaku, ntizibangamira ibidukikije, kandi ntizizagira ibibazo by'ingufu cyangwa isoko rihoraho rya lisansi. Shock ni ubwoko bushya bw'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kandi zirinda ibidukikije.
5. Nta mpamvu yo gukonjesha amazi mu gihe cyo kubyaza ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hejuru y'inzu, kandi ashobora gushyirwa mu butayu butagira amazi. Ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zishobora kandi guhuzwa byoroshye n'inyubako kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gukora ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic, zidasaba ubutaka gusa kandi zishobora kuzigama umutungo w'agaciro w'ahantu.
6. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zo ku gisenge nta bice by'amashanyarazi bifite, imikorere n'isukura biroroshye, kandi imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe. Sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic ishobora gukora amashanyarazi ikoresheje ibice by'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba gusa, kandi hamwe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kugenzura imikorere, ishobora kuba idakurikiranwa kandi ikiguzi cyo kuyibungabunga ni gito.
7. Imikorere y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ku gisenge irahamye kandi yizewe, kandi ubuzima bwayo ni imyaka irenga 30. Ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'izuba twa silikoni dukoresha kristalo bushobora kugera ku myaka 20 kugeza kuri 35. Muri sisitemu yo gukora amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, igihe cyose igishushanyo mbonera cyayo gikwiye kandi imiterere yayo ikwiye, ubuzima bwa bateri nabwo bushobora kuba burebure. Kugeza ku myaka 10 kugeza kuri 15.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-01-2023
