Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi ku miterere y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ku mbunda zisharija imbunda za sitasiyo nshya zisharija imodoka

1. Ibisabwa mu mikorere

Mu gihe cyainzira yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi bikoresha amabwiriza kandi bigatanga ibikorwa bya mekanike. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gufunga imbunda isharija hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bufite ibisabwa bibiri.

Ubwa mbere, igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko. Iyo ingufuri y'imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi idafunze, imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi igomba guhagarika gusharija cyangwa ntitangire gusharija. Iyo idafunze amashanyarazi, biragoye kwirinda gusharija ku buryo budasanzwe. Kubwibyo, ibigo bireba bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa n'amategeko mu gihe cyo gushushanya ingufuri z'amashanyarazi. Bitabaye ibyo, niba umukoresha akoze ikosa mu gihe cyo gusharija agakuramo icyuma gifunga mu mwobo, hazabaho akaga.

Icya kabiri, igomba guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha. Uburyo bwo gufunga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bwaimbunda zikoresha amashanyarazi zishyushyabitandukanye n'ingufuri z'ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zisanzwe. Imikorere y'ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga yo gushyushya igomba kuba igaragara, yizewe cyane, kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Imiterere y'ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga yo gushyushya igomba kuba nto kandi ishobora guhuzwa neza n'aho isharija kugira ngo byoroshye kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga. Muri icyo gihe, hakurikijwe ibyo abakoresha bakeneye, agace ko gufunga k'ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga gashobora kudakura cyangwa ngo kabe kagufi iyo imbufuri y'ikoranabuhanga yo gushyushya ikoze nabi. Igishishwa cy'imbere cy'imbunda yo gushyushya ntigishobora kwangirika mu buryo bwa pulasitiki, nta gukorana nabi guterwa no guhindagura, biragoye gukurura nyuma yo gufunga, kandi isano iri hagati y'insinga yo gushyushya n'imodoka ntishobora gukurwaho. Igishishwa cy'inyuma cy'inkingi zirinda umuriro mu mbunda zisanzwe zo gushyushya gishobora kwangirika mu buryo budasanzwe bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze. Ingufuri za kera za mechanical zatangaga gusa ipfundo ry'imbunda yo gushyushya, bigatuma ikunda kunyeganyega iyo imbunda yo gushyushya ishyizwemo.

2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uruziga

Bitewe n’uko imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi irushaho kumenyekana, abashushanya barimo kongeramo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifunga imbunda zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo barebe ko umutekano wo gushyushya utekanye. Izi mfuruka zikoresha ibikoresho bifite ingufu nke, bitanga umutekano mwinshi kandi bigenzura isano n’ingufu nziza n’izidafite ingufu. Imiterere y’imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi ikoresha amashanyarazi ikubiyemo ibintu bine:

Ubwa mbere, insinga yo gusharija imodoka ihujwe ni ngombwa kugira ngo ufungure ingufuri y'amashanyarazi. Iyo imbunda yo gusharija ishyizwemo, logique igena niba ugomba guhita ufunga ingufuri y'amashanyarazi no kohereza ikimenyetso ku mukoresha.

Icya kabiri, ingufuri y'imbunda ikoresha ikoranabuhanga igomba gutanga ibitekerezo kuri sisitemu yo gusharija. Ibi bituma sisitemu yo gusharija imenya niba uburyo bujyanye nayo bwarashyize mu bikorwa amabwiriza yo gufungura cyangwa gufunga. Iyo amabwiriza yo gufungura cyangwa gufunga yoherejwe nta suzuma ryakozwe mbere, igisubizo cyiza ntigishobora kuboneka niba ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga idafunguye, kandi ntibishobora kumenyekana niba ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga yari ifunze neza. Hatabayeho gufunga, nubwo ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga yaba ikora, umukoresha ashobora gukuraho imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi.

Icya gatatu, aho imodoka ifunguye kandi igafunga bigomba kwita ku ntego z’igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo gusharija. Sisitemu yo gusharija igomba guhuza uko imodoka ihagaze muri rusange, igatanga ikimenyetso cyo gufunga no gufungura imodoka muri sisitemu yo gusharija. Hagati aho, hari icyuma gifata amajwi kiri imbere y’imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi, gihujwe n’icyuma gifata amajwi. Iyi mashini igenzura icyuma gifata amajwi; iyo umukoresha avuye mu modoka, icyuma gifata amajwi kigomba gufungwa kandi icyuma gifata amajwi kikaza. Ikigo gifata amajwi kireka gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no kugenzura uko imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Byaba ari icyuma gifata amajwi cyangwa icyuma gifata amajwi giteganyijwe,sisitemu yo gusharijaagomba kwemeza ko ingufuri y'amashanyarazi ifunguye mbere yo gutangira gusharija. Umugenzuzi w'ikinyabiziga, nk'uburyo butunganya amakuru menshi, akusanya amakuru aturutse mu bice bitandukanye, agatanga incamake y'ishingiro, agafata ibyemezo, kandi agatanga ibikorwa bihuye na byo.

Icya kane, gufungura intoki cyangwa gufungura ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora. Gufunga byikora bikoreshwa mu gufungura ikoranabuhanga mu modoka, bikwiriye mu gufungura imodoka nyuma yo kuyishyushya. Ariko, iyo imodoka irimo kuyishyushya, kugira ngo hirindwe ko imodoka yangirika ku bw'impanuka, umukoresha agomba gufungura intoki ikoranabuhanga mu mfuruka y'imbunda ishyushya. Sisitemu igomba guhagarika gusharija imaze kwakira ikimenyetso cyinjiye. Kubwibyo, igikorwa cy'ikoranabuhanga kigomba kugenwa mu buryo bwumvikana kandi umusaruro ujyanye nayo ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

3. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubwenge

Mu gihe cyo kunoza imiterere y'imbunda ikoresha amashanyarazi, abashushanya bagomba no kunoza imiterere y'aho imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo banoze ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha. Hashingiwe ku ntego z'igishushanyo mbonera, ibyemezo bitatu byumvikana bishobora gutegurwa:

Ubwa mbere, uburyo bwo gufunga. Sisitemu igenzura niba imbunda isharira ifatanye neza n'aho imodoka irimo gusharira. Iyo guhuza ari ibintu bisanzwe, igenzura ingufuri z'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ifunge imbunda isharira hanyuma itangire gusharira imodoka.

Iyo ikimenyetso cyatewe n'umukoresha kibonetse mu gihe cyo gusharija, ikimenyetso cy'umukoresha gishobora kugenzura ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo gifungureimbunda yo gusharija ya evNiba nta kimenyetso cyo gufungura cyatewe n'umukoresha kigaragara mu gihe cyo gusharija,

Iyo gusharija birangiye, sisitemu ihita ifungura imbunda isharija. Ni ukuvuga ko, iyo sisitemu yo gusharija idashobora kubona isano iriho iyo umukoresha ashyizemo imbunda isharija, ingufuri y'imbunda isharija ntabwo izifunga ubwayo. Ibi bivuze ko iyo umukoresha afunze imodoka yose, sisitemu yo gusharija igenzura icyarimwe aho imbunda isharija ihagaze. Iyo imbunda isharija ihujwe, gufunga imodoka yose icyarimwe bifungura ingufuri y'imbunda isharija.

Ariko, ibi bikorwa bisaba ubushishozi bufatika. Abakoresha bagomba kugenzura uko imbunda isharira ihagaze mbere yo gutangira gusharira mu modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ibikorwa byo gusharira bishobora gukorwa gusa nyuma yuko ingufuri y'imbunda isharira ifunze.

Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo kurangiza gusharija. Iyo imodoka irimo gusharija, igomba kumenyekana niba idakinguye cyangwa ifunze. Iyo imodoka yose ifunze, ingufuri y'imbunda yo gusharija ntabwo izakingura keretse uyikoresha ayifunguye. Ibi bifasha kwirinda gucika kw'insinga no gutakaza insinga yo gusharija. Iyo imodoka irimo gusharija, iyo sisitemu ibonye ko imodoka yose ifunze, bivuze ko umukoresha ari hafi. Gufungura ingufuri y'imbunda yo gusharija bituma umukoresha ashobora gukuraho imbunda yo gusharija.

Icya gatatu, uburyo bwo gufungura. Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gufungura hakoreshejwe intoki cyangwa uburyo bwo gufungura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kure, nyuma yo kwakira ubusabe bwo gufungura bwavuzwe haruguru, iyo sisitemu yo gusharija ibonye ko imodoka idashyushya, ishobora gutwara imbunda yo gusharija kugira ngo ifungure ingufuri y'ikoranabuhanga. Abakoresha bashobora kandi gutanga ubusabe bwo gufungura bukora.

—IMPERUKA—