Gushyira imbaraga mu gihe kizaza: Icyerekezo cy'ibikorwa remezo byo gusarija amashanyarazi mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no muri Aziya yo Hagati

Uko iterambere ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) rigenda ryihuta ku isi, u Burasirazuba bwo Hagati na Aziya yo Hagati birimo kugaragara nk'uturere tw’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya. Bitewe na politiki zikomeye za leta, ishyirwaho ryihuse ry’isoko, n’ubufatanye bwambukiranya imipaka, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ziteguye gukura mu buryo burambye. Dore isesengura ryimbitse ry’impinduka zigize uru rwego.

1. Kwagura ibikorwa remezo bishingiye kuri politiki
Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati:

• Arabiya Sawudite ifite intego yo gushyiraho 50.000sitasiyo zo gusharijabitarenze umwaka wa 2025, ishyigikiwe na Vision 2030 na Green Initiative, birimo gusonerwa imisoro n'inkunga ku bagura imodoka za EV.
• UAE iyoboye akarere ifite isoko rya 40% by'imodoka za elektroniki kandi irateganya kohereza 1,000sitasiyo rusange zo gushyuriramo amafarangabitarenze umwaka wa 2025. Gahunda ya UAEV, ubufatanye hagati ya leta na Adnoc Distribution, irimo kubaka umuyoboro wo gushyushya umuriro mu gihugu hose.
• Turukiya ishyigikira ikirango cyayo cy’imodoka zo mu gihugu cya TOGG mu gihe yagura ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya kugira ngo ihuze n’ubwiyongere bw’abaguzi.

Aziya yo Hagati:

• Uzbekistan, ikigo cyatangije amashanyarazi muri ako karere, cyavuye kuri sitasiyo 100 zo gusharija umuriro mu 2022 kigera ku zirenga 1.000 mu 2024, kikaba cyari gifite intego yo kugera ku 25.000 mu 2033. Hejuru ya 75% by'imashini zayo zikoresha amashanyarazi zihuta zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya DC.Igipimo cya GB/T.
• Kazakhstan irateganya gushyiraho sitasiyo 8.000 zo gushyushya umuriro bitarenze umwaka wa 2030, zikibanda ku mihanda minini n'aho imijyi iherereye.

2. Ubwiyongere bw'igikenewe ku isoko

• Kwakira amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki: Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati bizazamuka ku kigero cya 23.2% bya CAGR, bikagera kuri miliyari 9.42 z'amadolari mu 2029. Arabiya Sawudite na UAE ni byo byiganje, aho inyungu ku biciro bya elegitoroniki zirenga 70% mu baguzi.
• Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu: Dubai yo muri UAE iteganya ko imodoka 42.000 zitwara abantu mu kirere bitarenze umwaka wa 2030, mu gihe TOKBOR yo muri Uzbekistan ifite sitasiyo 400 zo gushyushya zitanga serivisi ku bakoresha 80.000.
• Ubwiganze bw'Ubushinwa: Ibigo by'Abashinwa nka BYD na Chery biri ku isonga mu turere twombi. Uruganda rwa BYD rwo muri Uzbekistan rukora imodoka 30.000 za EV buri mwaka, kandi moderi zarwo zigize 30% by'imodoka za EV zo muri Arabiya Sawudite zitumizwa mu mahanga.

3. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no guhuza

• Gushaja Ingufu Nyinshi: Yihuta cyaneChaja za DC za 350kWzirimo gushyirwa mu mihanda minini yo muri Arabiya Sawudite, bigabanya igihe cyo gushyushya kugeza ku minota 15 ku kigero cya 80%.
• Guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresheje ingufu z'izuba na sisitemu ya V2G irimo kwiyongera. Ikigo cya Bee'ah cyo muri UAE kirimo guteza imbere ikigo cya mbere cyo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati cyo kongera gukoresha batiri za EV kugira ngo gishyigikire ubukungu bushingiye ku miterere y'ikirere.
• Ibisubizo Bisanzwe: Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zijyanye na CCS2, GB/T, na CHAdeMO ni ingenzi cyane mu mikoranire y’uturere. Kuba Uzbekistan ikoresha amashanyarazi ya GB/T yo mu Bushinwa bigaragaza iyi ngendo.

4. Ubufatanye n'Ishoramari mu Ngamba

• Ubufatanye bw'Abashinwa: Abarenga 90% bya Uzbekistanibikoresho byo gusharijaikomoka mu Bushinwa, aho amasosiyete nka Henan Sudao yiyemeje kubaka sitasiyo 50.000 bitarenze umwaka wa 2033. Mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, uruganda rwa CEER rwo muri Arabiya Sawudite, rwubatswe n'abafatanyabikorwa b'Abashinwa, ruzakora imodoka 30.000 buri mwaka bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.
• Imurikagurisha ry’Akarere: Ibikorwa nk'imurikagurisha rya EVS ryo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati na Afurika (2025) n'imurikagurisha rya Uzbekistan EV & Charging Pile (Mata 2025) biri guteza imbere guhanahana ikoranabuhanga n'ishoramari.

5. Imbogamizi n'amahirwe

• Icyuho mu bikorwaremezo: Nubwo imijyi ikomeje gutera imbere, ibice by'icyaro muri Aziya yo Hagati no mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati biragabanuka. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi muri Kazakisitani uracyari mu mijyi nka Astana na Almaty.
• Guhuza Ingufu Zishobora Kuvugururwa: Ibihugu bikungahaye ku mirasire y'izuba nka Uzbekistan (iminsi 320 y'izuba ku mwaka) na Arabiya Sawudite ni byiza cyane ku bimera bivanze bikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
• Guhuza Politiki: Gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga imipaka, nk'uko bigaragara mu bufatanye bwa ASEAN na EU, bishobora gufungura urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu karere bya EV.

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

• Mu mwaka wa 2030, uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Aziya yo hagati bizaba bigaragara:
• Sitasiyo zisaga 50.000 zo gushyushya umuriro muri Arabiya Sawudite na Uzbekistan.
• 30% by'ubwikorezi bw'amashanyarazi mu mijyi minini nka Riyadh na Tashkent.
• Ibikoresho byo gusharija bikoresha imirasire y'izuba byiganje mu turere tw’ubutayu, bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi.

Kuki ushora imari ubu ngubu?

• Akamaro k'Umwimukira wa Mbere: Abinjira mbere y'igihe bashobora kugira ubufatanye na za leta n'ibigo by'imari.
• Moderi zishobora gukururwa: Sisitemu zo gusharija modular zibereye imihanda minini yo mu mijyi ndetse n'imihanda yo mu cyaro.
• Inkunga za Politiki: Kugabanya imisoro (urugero, ibicuruzwa bya EV bitumizwa muri Uzbekistan bidafite imisoro) hamwe n'inkunga bigabanya inzitizi zo kwinjira.

Jya mu mpinduramatwara yo gushyushya
Kuva mu butayu bwa Arabiya Sawudite kugeza mu mijyi ya Silk Road muri Uzbekistan, inganda zitanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi zirimo kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugenda. Hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ubufatanye mu by’ingamba, no gushyigikira politiki zidahinduka, uru rwego rusezeranya iterambere ridasanzwe ku bahanga mu guhanga udushya biteguye guha imbaraga ejo hazaza.