Gushyira imbaraga mu gihe kizaza: Ingendo z'ibikorwaremezo byo kwishyuza amashanyarazi ku isi mu gihe cy'impinduka mu bukungu

Uko ikoreshwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi (EV) ryihuta—aho mu 2024 ibicuruzwa birenga miliyoni 17.1 kandi biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri miliyoni 21 mu 2025—hakenewe ingufu zikomeye.Ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija amashanyarazi ya EVbyageze ku rwego rudasanzwe. Ariko, iri terambere rigaragara mu gihe hari ihungabana ry’ubukungu, amakimbirane mu bucuruzi, n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, bihindura imiterere y’irushanwa ryaabatanga serivisi zo gushyushya. 1. Iterambere ry'Isoko n'Imiterere y'Akarere Isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gusharija bya EV riteganijwe kwiyongera ku kigero cya 26.8%, rikagera kuri miliyari 456.1 z'amadolari mu 2032, bitewe no gushyiraho charger rusange n'inkunga ya leta. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi mu karere birimo:

• Amerika ya Ruguru:Sitasiyo zisaga 207.000 zo kwishyuza amafaranga mu 2025, zishyigikiwe na miliyari 5 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu nkunga ya leta hakurikijwe Itegeko ry'Ishoramari n'Umurimo mu bikorwaremezo (IIJA). Ariko, izamuka ry'imisoro riherutse gukorwa mu gihe cya Trump (urugero, 84% ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu Bushinwa) ribangamiye imiyoboro y'ibikoresho n'ibiciro bidahindagurika.
• Uburayi:Kwibanda ku gutanga amashanyarazi rusange agera ku 500.000 bitarenze umwaka wa 2025, hibandwa kuGushaja vuba DCku mihanda minini. Itegeko ry’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi rya 60% by’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa mu gihugu ritegeka abashoramari b’abanyamahanga gushyira umusaruro mu gihugu.
• Aziya-Pasifika:Akarere gatuwe n'Ubushinwa, bufite 50% by'ibigo byo kwishyuza ku isi. Amasoko ari kuzamuka nk'Ubuhinde na Tayilande arimo gushyiraho politiki ikomeye yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, aho Tayilande igamije kuba ihuriro ry'inganda zikora amashanyarazi mu karere.

2. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rituma abantu bakenera Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi (HPC) no gucunga ingufu mu buryo bwihuse biri guhindura urwego rw'amashanyarazi:

• Puratifomu za 800V:Ikorana n'abakora imodoka nka Porsche na BYD, gusharija vuba cyane (80% mu minota 15) birimo kuba ikintu gisanzwe, bisaba charger za DC za 150-350kW.
• Guhuza V2G:Sisitemu zo gusharija zigana impande ebyiri zemerera amashanyarazi guhagarara neza, zigahuza n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'uburyo bwo kubika. Tesla's NACS Standard na GB/T yo mu Bushinwa ni byo biyoboye mu bikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa.
• Gushyushya nta mugozi:Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukurura abantu ririmo kwiyongera ku mato y’ubucuruzi, rigabanya igihe cyo kubura kw’ibikoresho mu bigo by’itumanaho.

3. Ibibazo by'Ubukungu n'Ingamba zo Gukemura Imbogamizi mu bucuruzi n'ibipimo by'ikiguzi:

• Ingaruka ku misoro:Imisoro ya Amerika ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi byo mu Bushinwa (kugeza kuri 84%) hamwe n’amabwiriza y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ihatira inganda kuvugurura imiyoboro y’ibikoresho.BeiHai ImbaragaItsinda ririmo gushinga inganda zo guteranya ibikoresho muri Megizike no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kugira ngo ridashyira imbere inshingano zaryo.
• Kugabanya Ikiguzi cya Bateri:Ibiciro bya bateri za Lithium-ion byagabanutseho 20% mu 2024 bigera ku $115/kWh, bigabanya ibiciro bya EV ariko byongera ibiciro hagati y’abatanga charger.

Amahirwe mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi:

• Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu birometero bya nyuma:Amamodoka akoresha amashanyarazi, ateganijwe kuzatwara miliyari 50 z'amadolari mu 2034, akeneye ububiko bw'amashanyarazi bwa DC bushobora kwaguka.
• Ubwikorezi rusange:Imijyi nka Oslo (88.9% by’ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ya EV) hamwe n’amabwiriza agenga ahantu hatagerwa imyuka ihumanya ikirere (ZEZs) ni byo bituma abantu benshi bakenera imiyoboro yo gushyushya imashini mu mijyi.

4. Ingamba z'ingenzi ku bakora mu nganda Kugira ngo batere imbere muri iki gihe kigoye, abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gushyira imbere ibi bikurikira:

• Umusaruro ukorerwa mu gace runaka:Gukorana n'inganda zo mu karere (urugero, inganda nini za Tesla zo mu Burayi) kugira ngo hubahirizwe amategeko agenga ibikubiye muri iyi porogaramu no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho.
• Guhuza Ibipimo Bitandukanye:Gutegura chargers zishyigikiraCCS1, CCS2, GB/T, na NACSgukorera amasoko mpuzamahanga.
• Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira grid:Guhuza sitasiyo zikoresha ingufu z'izuba na porogaramu yo kuringaniza ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'urukuta rw'amashanyarazi.

Inzira iri imbere Nubwo hakiri ibibazo bya politiki n'ibibazo by'ubukungu, urwego rw'amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi agezweho ruracyari ingenzi mu mpinduka mu ngufu. Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi mu 2025-2030:

• Amasoko Akiri Gutera Imbere:Afurika na Amerika y'Epfo bifite ubushobozi butarakoreshwa, aho izamuka rya 25% mu gukoresha amashanyarazi buri mwaka risaba ikiguzi giciriritseUburyo bwo gusharija amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe AC na telefoni zigendanwa.
• Kutamenya neza politiki:Amatora yo muri Amerika n'ibiganiro by'ubucuruzi by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi bishobora kongera gusobanura imiterere y'inkunga, bigasaba abakora ibikoresho by'inganda gukora neza.

UmwanzuroInganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zihagaze neza: iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga n'intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije bitera iterambere, mu gihe imisoro n'amahame adafite aho ahuriye bisaba udushya mu by'ingamba. Ibigo byitabira ubwisanzure, aho bikorera, n'ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bizayobora ubucuruzi mu gihe kizaza gifite amashanyarazi.Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byihariye byo gukoresha iyi miterere ihinduka, [Twandikireuyu munsi.