Imiterere y'ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya amashanyarazi ku isi: Inzira, amahirwe, n'ingaruka za politiki

Impinduka ku isi yose ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EVs) yashyizwe mu mwanyaSitasiyo zo gusharija amashanyarazi, chargers za AC, chargers za DC zihuta, na electro charging piles nk'inkingi z'ingenzi mu gutwara abantu mu buryo burambye. Uko amasoko mpuzamahanga yihutisha impinduka zayo mu gutwara abantu mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije, gusobanukirwa uko ibintu bigenda bihinduka ubu, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, n'imiterere ya politiki ni ingenzi ku bucuruzi n'abaguzi.

Kwinjira mu isoko n'impinduka mu turere

1. Amerika ya Ruguru: Kwaguka vuba hifashishijwe politiki
Amerika iyoboye iterambere ry’ibikorwaremezo bya EV muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ishingiye ku Itegeko ry’Ibikorwaremezo Bipartisan, rigena miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari yo kubaka 500.000sitasiyo rusange zo gushyushya amashanyarazibitarenze umwaka wa 2030. Mu giheShajara za AC(Urwego rwa 2) ni rwo rwiganjemo inyubako zo mu ngo no mu biro, icyifuzo cyoGukoresha DC byihuse(Urwego rwa 3) rurimo kwiyongera cyane cyane mu mihanda minini no mu duce tw’ubucuruzi. Umuyoboro wa Tesla wa Supercharger na sitasiyo za Electrify America zihuta cyane ni ingenzi, nubwo imbogamizi nko kwiba insinga n’amafaranga menshi ya serivisi zitangwa.

2. Uburayi: Intego zigamije iterambere n'icyuho mu bikorwa remezo
Ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi mu Burayi riterwa inkunga n’amategeko akaze agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, nk’itegeko ryashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ryo mu 2035 ribuza moteri zitwika imbere mu kirere. Urugero, Ubwongereza burateganya gushyiraho izindi nshya 145.000sitasiyo zo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziburi mwaka, Londres ikaba imaze gukora ahantu hahurira abantu benshi 20.000. Ariko, hari itandukaniro mu turere: amashanyarazi ya DC aracyari menshi mu mijyi, kandi kwangiza (urugero, gukata insinga) biteza imbogamizi mu mikorere.

3. Aziya-Pasifika: Amasoko ari gutera imbere n'udushya
OsitaraliyaIkirundo cyo gusharija amashanyaraziIsoko ririmo kwaguka vuba, rishyigikiwe n'inkunga za leta n'ubufatanye kugira ngo imiyoboro igere mu turere twa kure. Hagati aho, Ubushinwa bwiganje mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa ku isiShajara za AC/DC, hakoreshejwe inganda zihendutse kandi zikoresha uburyo bwo gusharija bugezweho. Ibigo by’Abashinwa ubu byiganjemo hejuru ya 60% by’ibikoresho byo gusharija bitumizwa mu mahanga by’i Burayi, nubwo hari inzitizi nyinshi zo gutanga ibyangombwa.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigena ahazaza

• Imashini zitanga umuriro wa DC zifite imbaraga nyinshi: Imashini zitanga umuriro wa DC zo mu bwoko bwa kabiri (zigera kuri 360kW) zigabanya igihe cyo gutanga umuriro kikagera ku minota iri munsi ya 20, bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku modoka z’ubucuruzi no ku ngendo ndende.
• V2GSisitemu (Imodoka iva kuri Grid): Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "Bidirectional EV chargers" zituma ingufu zibikwa kandi zigatuza grid, zigahuza n'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
• Ibisubizo byo Gushaja Bikoresheje Ubwenge: Ibyuma byo gushaja amashanyarazi bikoresha IoT hamwe naOCPP 2.0kubahiriza amategeko byemerera imicungire y'imizigo ihindagurika hamwe n'igenzura rya porogaramu ryoroshye gukoresha.

Politiki n'Imiterere y'Imisoro: Amahirwe n'Ingorane

1. Inkunga zituma habaho kwakira

Za guverinoma ku isi yose zirimo gutanga inkunga ku bikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza amashanyarazi. Urugero:

• Amerika itanga inguzanyo z'imisoro zihwanye na 30% by'ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho chargers za DC zikora akazi ko mu bucuruzi.
• Ositaraliya itanga inkunga ku bigo bishinzwe amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu turere tw'akarere.

2. Inzitizi z'imisoro n'ibisabwa mu gace runaka
Nubwo imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi yo mu Bushinwa yiganje mu byoherezwa mu mahanga, amasoko nka Amerika na EU arimo gukaza amategeko agenga aho ibicuruzwa biherereye. Itegeko ryo kugabanya ibiciro by’amashanyarazi muri Amerika (IRA) ritegeka ko 55% by’ibice by’amashanyarazi bizaba byakozwe mu gihugu imbere bitarenze umwaka wa 2026, bigira ingaruka ku miyoboro y’ibicuruzwa ku isi. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, amahame y’impamyabushobozi ya CE n’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga mu Burayi (urugero, ISO 15118) bisaba ko inganda z’abanyamahanga zihindura ibintu bihenze.

3. Amabwiriza agenga amafaranga y'ikiguzi cya serivisi
Uburyo bw'ibiciro budakurikije amategeko (urugero, amafaranga ya serivisi arenze ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa na Amerika) bugaragaza ko hakenewe politiki zisobanutse. Guverinoma zirimo kwivanga cyane; urugero, Ubudage bushyira amafaranga ya serivisi ya sitasiyo ya EV kuri €0.40/kWh.

Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Isoko rya miliyari 200 z'amadolari mu 2030
Isoko ry’ibikorwaremezo by’amashanyarazi ku isi biteganijwe ko rizakura ku kigero cya 29.1% CAGR, rikagera kuri miliyari 200 z’amadolari mu 2030. Iby’ingenzi birimo:

• Imiyoboro yo Gusharija Yihuta Cyane:Chaja za DC za 350kW+gushyigikira amakamyo na bisi.
• Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu cyaro: Inkingi zo gushyushya umuriro wa EV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu turere tudafite serivisi nziza.
• Guhinduranya batiri: Binongerwa ku bigo bitanga umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu turere dukenerwa cyane.

Umwanzuro
Ubwiyongere bwaShajara za EV, sitasiyo zo gushyushya AC/DC, n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi birimo kuvugurura ubwikorezi ku isi. Nubwo inkunga ya politiki n'udushya bitera iterambere, ubucuruzi bugomba kunyura mu bibazo bigoye by'imisoro n'ibisabwa mu gace runaka. Mu gushyira imbere ubushobozi bwo gukorana, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no gushyira imbere imiterere y'abakoresha, abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gufungura ubushobozi bwose bw'uru rwego ruhindura imikorere.

Jyana mu rugamba rwo kugana ahazaza heza cyane
Suzuma uburyo bugezweho bwo gusharija amashanyarazi bwa BeiHai Power Group—bwemewe, bushobora kwaguka, kandi bugenewe amasoko mpuzamahanga. Reka dushyire hamwe imbaraga mu gihe gitaha cyo kugenda.

Kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye ku isoko cyangwa amahirwe y'ubufatanye, twandikire uyu munsi.