'Ururimi' rw'ahantu ho gushyushya imodoka: isesengura rikomeye ry'amabwiriza yo gushyushya

Ese wigeze wibaza impamvu ubwoko butandukanye bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bushobora guhuza imbaraga zo gusharija mu buryo bwikora nyuma yo kuzishyira mu mwanya wazo?ikirundo cyo gusharijaKuki bamweimirundo yo gusharijakwishyuza vuba abandi buhoro buhoro? Inyuma y'ibi mu by'ukuri hari itsinda ry'"ururimi rutagaragara" rugenzura - ni ukuvuga, protocole yo kwishyuza. Uyu munsi, reka duhishure "amategeko y'ibiganiro" hagatiimiyoboro yo gusharija n'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi!

1. Protocole yo gusharija ni iki?

• ItsindaPorotokole yo Gushyushyani "ururimi+igihe" cy'itumanaho hagati y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) nasitasiyo zo gusharija za ev(EVSEs) zigaragaza:
• Voltage, urwego rw'amashanyarazi (bigena umuvuduko wo gusharija)
• Uburyo bwo Gusharija (AC/DC)
• Uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano (amashanyarazi menshi, umuriro mwinshi, kugenzura ubushyuhe, nibindi)
• Imikoranire y'amakuru (uko bateri ihagaze, aho igeze yo gusharija, nibindi)

Hatabayeho protocole ihuriweho,imigozi yo gusharija ya evkandi ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi bishobora "kutumvikana", bigatuma umuntu adashobora gusharija cyangwa agasharija nabi.

2. Ni izihe gahunda zikoreshwa mu gushyushya amafaranga?

Muri iki gihe, gahunda rusangeporotokoli zo gusharija za evhirya no hino ku isi bigabanyijemo ibice bikurikira:

(1) Porotokole yo gusharija AC

Bikwiriye gushyushya buhoro buhoro (imigozi y'amashanyarazi yo mu rugo/ya rusange):

• GB/T (ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu): Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Abashinwa, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imbere mu gihugu, nka BYD, NIO n'ibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa.
• IEC 61851 (Isanzwe y'i Burayi): ikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi, nka Tesla (version y'i Burayi), BMW, n'ibindi.
• SAE J1772 (Isanzwe muri Amerika): Imodoka zisanzwe zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, nka Tesla (version yo muri Amerika), Ford, n'izindi.

(2) Porotokole yo gusharija vuba ya DC

Bikwiriye gusharija vuba (imigozi yo kwishyuza vuba ya DC rusange):

• GB/T (National Standard DC): Abaturage bo mu ngositasiyo zo gusharija vuba za dczikoreshwa cyane cyane, nka State Grid, Telei, n'ibindi.
• CCS (Combo): ikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ihuza imiyoboro ya AC (J1772) na DC.
• CHAdeMO: Imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa Nissan Leaf n'izindi modoka zo mu bwoko bwa mbere, zagiye zisimburwa buhoro buhoro naCCS.
• Tesla NACS: Porotokole ya Tesla yihariye, ariko irimo gufungurwa ku zindi sosiyete (urugero, Ford, GM).

3. Kuki protocole zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gusharija?

Itsindaporotokoli yo gusharija imodoka ikoresha amashanyaraziigena uburyo ntarengwa bwo kuganira ku bubasha hagati yachargeur ya evn'imodoka. Urugero:

• Niba imodoka yawe ikorana na GB/T 250A, arikoikirundo cyo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyaraziishyigikira 200A gusa, umuvuduko nyawo wo gusharija uzaba ugarukira kuri 200A.
• Tesla Supercharging (NACS) ishobora gutanga ingufu zirenga 250kW, ariko charger isanzwe yo mu gihugu ishobora kuba hagati ya 60-120kW gusa.

Guhuza ibintu nabyo ni ingenzi:

• Gukoresha adaptateri (nk'adaptateri za Tesla za GB) bishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe protocole zitandukanye, ariko ingufu zishobora kuba nke.
• Bimwesitasiyo zo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazigushyigikira imikorere ya protocole nyinshi (nk'ishyigikiraGB/Tna CHAdeMO icyarimwe).

4. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Amasezerano Ahuriweho?

Kuri ubu, ku isi hoseamabwiriza yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazintabwo bihuye neza, ariko ikigaragara ni iki:

• Tesla NACS igenda ihinduka ingenzi muri Amerika ya Ruguru (Ford, GM, nibindi).
• CCS2iri ku isonga mu Burayi.
• GB/T yo mu Bushinwa iracyavugururwa kugira ngo ihuze no gusharija vuba cyane (nk'amadirishya ya 800V afite voltage nyinshi).
• Amabwiriza yo gusharija adakoresha insinga nkaSAE J2954birimo gutezwa imbere.

5. Inama: Ni gute wakwizeza ko gusharija bihuye?

Mu gihe uguze imodoka: Emeza uburyo imodoka ikoresha charger (nk'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu/ibipimo ngenderwaho by'i Burayi/ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Abanyamerika).

Mu gihe urimo gusharija: Koresha uburyo bujyanye n'ibyositasiyo yo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, cyangwa gutwara adaptateri (nk'abafite Tesla).

Ikirundo cyo gusharija vubaguhitamo: Reba protocole yashyizweho ikimenyetso ku murundo wo gusharija (nka CCS, GB/T, nibindi).

incamake

Uburyo bwo gusharija ni nk'"ijambo ry'ibanga" hagati y'ikinyabiziga gikoresha amashanyarazi nasitasiyo yo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya ev, kandi guhuza gusa ni byo bishobora kwishyuzwa neza. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, bishobora kuzahuzwa kurushaho mu gihe kizaza, ariko biracyakenewe kwitondera guhuza. Ni iyihe protocole imodoka yawe ikoresha? Jya urebe ikirango kiri ku cyambu cyo kwishyuza!